Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy and Long-Term Survival in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 26, No 8 (March 10), 2008: pp. 1275-1281

Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy and Long-Term Survival in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

 

Cornelia Liedtke, Chafika Mazouni, Kenneth R. Hess, Fabrice André, Attila Tordai, Jaime A. Mejia, W. Fraser Symmans, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Bryan Hennessy, Marjorie Green, Massimo Cristofanilli, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Lajos Pusztai

 

From the Departments of Breast Medical Oncology, Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics, and Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marseille Public Hospital System, Marseille; and Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit UPRES03535, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

Corresponding author: Lajos Pusztai, MD, PhD, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Unit 1354, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-1439, USA; e-mail: lpusztai@mdanderson.org

 

Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the lackof estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and humanepidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression. In thisstudy, we compared response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy andsurvival between patients with TNBC and non-TNBC.

 

Patients and Methods Analysis of a prospectively collected clinical database wasperformed. We included 1,118 patients who received neoadjuvantchemotherapy at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center for stage I-IIIbreast cancer from 1985 to 2004 and for whom complete receptorinformation were available. Clinical and pathologic parameters,pathologic complete response rates (pCR), survival measurements,and organ-specific relapse rates were compared between patientswith TNBC and non-TNBC.

 

Results Two hundred fifty-five patients (23%) had TNBC. Patients withTNBC compared with non-TNBC had significantly higher pCR rates(22% v 11%; P = .034), but decreased 3-year progression-freesurvival rates (P < .0001) and 3-year overall survival (OS)rates (P < .0001). TNBC was associated with increased riskfor visceral metastases (P = .0005), lower risk for bone recurrence(P = .027), and shorter postrecurrence survival (P < .0001).Recurrence and death rates were higher for TNBC only in thefirst 3 years. If pCR was achieved, patients with TNBC and non-TNBChad similar survival (P = .24). In contrast, patients with residualdisease (RD) had worse OS if they had TNBC compared with non-TNBC(P < .0001).

 

Conclusion Patients with TNBC have increased pCR rates compared with non-TNBC,and those with pCR have excellent survival. However, patientswith RD after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have significantly worsesurvival if they have TNBC compared with non-TNBC, particularlyin the first 3 years.